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—The intertidal distributions and habitats of three congeneric callianassid shrimps [Nihonotrypaea harmandi (Bouvier) , N. japonica (Ortmann), and N. petalura (Stimpson)] were surveyed along the estuary to opensea gradient from Ariake Sound through Tachibana Bay to the East China Sea in western Kyushu, Japan. In the light of long-term-averaged salinity (psu) values in the surface waters (at 5 m depth) in the rainy season, (N. harmandi + N. petalura) and N. japonica mainly occurred in the ranges of 34.0-30.5 (the East China Sea + Tachibana Bay + the outermost part of Ariake Sound) and 30.5-28.5 (the middle part of Ariake Sound), respectively, with their distribution boundary distinct. Using the Venice-system terms for the classification of brackish waters, the former species group could be designated as euhaline to mixo-euhaline species, while the latter species as a mixo-polyhaline species. From the viewpoint of the substrate conditions and their dimensions, the habitats for the three species were basically characterized, as follows: 1) N. harmandi the relatively small sandflats and sandy beaches of medium fine sands, with boulder beaches, very exposed sandy beaches, and mudflats uninhabited; 2) N. petalura small sand patches surrounded by boulders in boulder beaches; and 3) N, japonica the extensive sandflats of medium fine sands, with boulder beaches, exposed sandy beaches, and mudflats uninhabited. Introduction One of the major gradients in the shore environment is the marine-freshwater gradient of salinity, and a multitude of species distribution patterns along this gradient have been recorded (Raffaelli & Hawkins, 1996). Callianassid ghost shrimps are one of the most common macro-invertebrates worldwide, occurring from marine to estuarine intertidal sediments. The first author (AT) and his colleagues have studied the benthic population d5Tiamics of a callianassid species identified as Callianassa japonica Ortmann on an intertidal sandflat of an estuarine system in western Kyushu, Japan (e.g., Tamaki et al., 1997). Until recently, it was believed that two species of Callianassa occurred in Japan : C. japonica Ortmann and C. petalura Stimpson (see Sakai, 1969). However, in their taxonomic revision of the Japanese species. Manning & Tamaki (1998) revealed that Sakai's 'C. japonica' was in fact a mixture of C. japonica and C. harmandi Bouvier. They also proposed a new genus, Nihonotrypaea, to include the three Japanese species. Now all the material studied by AT and his colleagues has proven to be N. harmandi (Bouvier), exclusively occurring in their main study site [= the Tomioka Bay sandflat (Figs. 2 and 8)]. It has been confirmed that both N. harmandi and N. japonica (Ortmann) inhabit bare intertidal sandflats (e.g., Tamaki & Ueno, 1998), and it is now

crustacean research/researches on crustacea, special number/kokakurui no kenkyu/kōkakurui no kenkyū

Distributions of three species of Nihonotrypaea (Decapoda: Thalassinidea: Callianassidae) in intertidal habitats along an estuary to open-sea gradient in western Kyushu, Japan