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Neoliberal structural adjustment in the Latin American agricultural sector in the era of globalization) In this study we will demonstrate that Latin  American agriculture has displayed two faces in  terms of its performance, consistent with the logic  of the system. On the one hand, there has been  progress in some regions and subsectors that can  be understood as ‘modernization’ – that is capitalization – of the productive structure as well as  its insertion into both the internal urban market  and the international market. Yet on the other  hand, if we observe at some length the main indicators that measure the results of agrarian activity  – productivity, balance of payments, implicit production and export prices or income level of  farmers – we are able to prove with certainty that  the gap that historically has separated Latin  American agriculture from agrarian sectors in  USA or the EU continues to widen. Moreover, the major problems that were blocking the agrarian  world in Latin America at the beginning of the  80s (the sector’s low productivity, unequal distribution of productive resources, social exclusion,  territorial imbalances, as well as technological  dependence and dependence on investments) continue to constitute the overwhelming reality of  the sector after twenty years of neoliberal structural adjustment. Resumen: Mediante este estudio vamos a poner de manifiesto que la agricultura latinoamericana ha mostrado  un doble rostro en terminos de su desempeno,  coherentemente con la logica del sistema. Por una  parte, en algunos territorios y en algunos subsectores se han producido avances tanto en terminos  de su ‘modernizacion’ – entiendase capitalizacion  – del aparato productivo como en su insercion en  el mercado urbano interno y en el mercado internacional. Y, por otro, si observamos detenidamente los principales indices que miden los resultados de la actividad agraria – productividad,  balanza comercial, precios implicitos en la produccion y en la exportacion o nivel de ingresos de  los agricultores – podemos comprobar fehacientemente que la brecha que ha separado historicamente a la agricultura latinoamericana de  los sectores agrarios de los Estados Unidos o de la  Union Europea es cada vez mayor. Es mas, los  grandes problemas que atenazaban al mundo  agrario en America Latina a principios de los  ochenta (baja productividad, distribucion desigual  de los recursos productivos, exclusion social, desequilibrios territoriales, amen de la dependencia tecnologica y de la dependencia financiera del  sector) siguen siendo la realidad mayoritaria  despues de dos decadas de ajuste estructural.

El ajuste estructural neoliberal en el sector agrario latinoamericano en la era de la globalización