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Challenges and perspectives of water governance and integrated water resource management in Bolivia Bolivia is not only highly affected by social and political instability, but also by erosion and climate change and an indiscriminate and vast exploitation of its natural resources. The new policy structure seeks to establish a broad consensus on better water governance relying on a participatory democracy approach and the commitment to indicators for sustainable development. The creation of a Water Ministry in 2006, which emerged from the water riots against privatization of water rights and sanitation services in 2000, can be interpreted as a clear sign for more integration of social movements and civil organizations. But at the present these organizations seemed to be marginalized from the decision-making process, and government and public institutions are confronting a complex situation of weakened legitimacy. The present paper offers an insight on the ongoing process, including the challenges and obstacles for the implementation of a new water policy and local integrated water management systems. The reflections consider the official legal framework and a policy analysis in order to illustrate the conflictive schemes in different regions and localities. The final aim is to indicate the gaps between the official discourse and local realities for water governance and to indicate some recommendations for a more coherent public-civic action in water governance, control and transparency.  Resumen: Bolivia no solo es afectada por una inestabilidad social y politica, sino tambien por erosion, efectos del cambio climatico y una explotacion indiscriminada de los recursos naturales. La nueva politica de cambio social se propone, entre otros objetivos, lograr un consenso amplio de gobernanza en el agua, basado en un proceso democratico participativo y el compromiso de cumplir indicadores de desarrollo sostenible. La creacion del nuevo Ministerio del Agua en el ano 2006, que surgio de movimientos sociales como la ‘guerra por el agua’ en Cochabamba en el 2000, abrio una nueva perspectiva para las politicas hidricas en Bolivia. No obstante, a dos anos de gestion, la nueva politica hidrica boliviana se encuentra estancada, entre otros motivos, debido al debilitamiento politico y tecnico del propio Ministerio del Agua, que no permite coordinar acciones con las instancias publicas de los gobiernos departamentales y municipales, y la escasa coherencia entre las normas que regulan las actividades del sector. El presente documento expone los retos y las perspectivas del proceso de formulacion e implementacion de la politica nacional de agua en Bolivia, sobre la base de reflexiones respecto del marco regulatorio existente y la estrategia de implementacion sectorial de riego, agua potable y cuencas. El objetivo final es delinear las brechas entre el discurso oficial en el agua y las realidades y dificultades locales y regionales en el agua e indicar algunos metodos alternativos para una accion civico- publica mas coherente en la gobernanza del agua y la gestion integrada de recursos hidricos.

Retos y perspectivas de la gobernanza del agua y gestión integral de recursos hídricos en Bolivia