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Genetic factors and lifestyle exposures, as well as their combinations, play important roles in the development of hypertension. We examined whether cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene generate combined effects on blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive subjects.    METHODS  A total of 342 essential hypertensive subjects were recruited from Susong community in Anhui province, China, from July 2017 to January 2018, and the plasma biochemical parameters and the genotype on Glu298Asp polymorphism were determined.    RESULTS  There were no gender differences in the distributions of alleles and genotypes in hypertensive subjects. The proportions of cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking in male hypertensive subjects were remarkably higher than those in the females (p<0.001). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels of mutant genotypes ( Glu/Asp  and  Asp/Asp ) were significantly higher than those of wild genotype ( Glu/Glu ) (p=0.013 and 0.026, respectively) in male hypertensive subjects. Moreover, the SBP and DBP levels of the mutant genotype were remarkably higher than those of wild genotype in both cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking male hypertensive subjects (p=0.034 and 0.043, respectively).    CONCLUSIONS  Cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and the Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene generate combined effects that increase the susceptibility of the mutant genotype to BP in Chinese male hypertensive subjects.

Combined effects of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and eNOS Glu298Asp polymorphism on blood pressure in Chinese male hypertensive subjects