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This paper was an attempt to use the 137Cs mass balance model for assessment of recent deposition rates in Lake Qinghai. 137Cs concentration peak at the depth of a few centimeters in the deposit profiles of Lake Qinghai and other lakes with lower deposition rates may be caused by the nuclide downward diffusion and migration progresses after the 137Cs deposited on the surface of lake bottom mud. Therefore, the interpretation of the sediment layer at the 137Cs peak depth depositing in 1963 and the calculation method of sediment deposition rates under that assumption may not be reasonable. Local 137Cs reference inventory was 117.7mBq/cm2 in 2005 obtained from grass land of the flat lakeside. 137Cs inventories of the six lake sediment cores collected from the Island Hill of the center of Lake Qinghai to the Fish Port in the south-eastern lake ranged from 92.9mBq/cm2 to 325.0mBq/cm2. It was clear that sediment deposition apparently occurred in the south-western part of the lake, particularly, the deposition is quite fast at the QHH02 Core position, which is located in the front of the underwater alluvial fan. However, sediment deposition was very slow at the centre part of the lake. The average 137Cs concentration of the deposited sediments in Lake Qinghai since 1963 was estimated to be 30mBq/g by analyses of the 137Cs concentrations from the lake mud in surface layers, the sediment discharged from inlet rivers,and the soil in surface layers on the grass land in the catchment. The average deposition rate in the centre of the lake was 0.020cm/a calculated by the 137Cs mass balance model, which agreed to 0.018cm/a of the specific sediment yield of the Buha River, but much lower than the reported deposition rates estimated by conventional dating techniques. The deposition rate of the QHH02 Core was 0.229cm/a, suggesting that the deposition rates in the south-western part of the lake were much higher than the rates in the centre part of the lake and which was twice of the reported deposition rate of Lake Qinghai.

An attempt to use the <sup>137</sup>Cs mass balance model for assessment of recent deposition rates in Lake Qinghai, China