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NANOSCALE DIAMOND AND CARBON MATERIALS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR FIELD EMISSION AND THERMIONIC ENERGY CONVERSION Santoshrupa Dumpala December 14th 2011 More than 50% of the total energy produced is typically rejected in the form of waste heat from various processes. The grand challenge is that most of this waste heat is released at temperatures much lower than 1000 C, which makes it difficult to recover it using traditional methods which require higher operating temperatures for thermal energy conversion. In addition, these traditional methods involve different intermediate processes and do not offer direct conversion into electricity. In this regard, thermal energy conversion through thermionic emission can offer direct conversion of waste heat into electricity with highest theoretical efficiency. So, waste heat recovery through thermionic emission energy conversion is of great interest and is the motivation for the present work. However the greatest challenge involves the discovery or availability of the material with appropriate work functions and stability criteria. To address the need for developing suitable materials toward thermionic energy conversion, we investigated phosphorus doping in individual diamond nanocrystals, conical carbon nanostructures (CCNTs) and diamond nanocrystals

Nanoscale diamond and carbon materials and architectures for field emission and thermionic energy conversion.