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Zooplankton in Freshwaters: Potential Responses to Global Warming, Nutrient Enrichment, and an Exotic Jellyfish Allison S. Smith November 19,2012 Aquatic ecosystems face major transformations as humans increasingly alter their environment by introducing exotic species and changing the temperature regime and nutrient availability of freshwater systems. The impacts of such alterations of conditions, resources and species composition on zooplankton are important to consider because zooplankton link primary producers to higher trophic levels. Among recent exotic invaders of freshwater systems in Europe and the Western Hemisphere is Craspedacusta sowerbii. This freshwater cnidarian can impact zooplankton abundance and community composition, thus altering ecosystem energy transfer to higher trophic levels. In experiments described in chapters 2 and 3 of this dissertation, C. sowerbii was found to have a significant and differential effect on zooplankton taxa such as Bosmina sp., Daphnia sp., and copepods. While medusae greatly reduced abundances of these genera, other potential prey items, such as Keratella sp., did not show a response to medusa presence, indicating that C. sowerbii medusae differentially alter zooplankton communities. However, while C. sowerbii did not affect all potential prey items, some species such as the large D. magna were killed at high rates but not consumed. This indicates that the effects of C. sowerbii medusa presence are not

Zooplankton in freshwaters : potential responses to global warming, nutrient enrichment, and exotic jellyfish.