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In his work Deipnosophistae (IX 369b) Athenaeus discusses four Greek names for ‘turnip, Brassica campestris L., syn. Brassica rapa L.’, namely βουνιάς, γογγυλίς, Laconian γάστρα and Boeotian ζeκeλτίς. Three first appellatives are clearly motivated by the Greek vocabulary. The fourth term is unclear etymologically. According to Athenaeus (IX 369b), two Greek writers, Amerias and Timachidas, refer to a dialectal (evidently Thessalian) term ζακeλτίς f. ‘bottle gourd, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl’. In his lexicon Hesychius of Alexandria registers two related glosses: ζακeλτίδeς · κολοκύνται. ἢ γογγυλίδeς (HAL ζ-24); ζακαυθίδeς · κολοκύνται (HAL ζ-30). The former refers to the Thessalian item. The latter one (wrongly printed as ζακυνθίδeς · κολοκύνται in M. Schmidt’s and K. Latte’s editions) demonstrates a change of the liquid stop λ [l] to [ṷ], which is explained as a Cretan phenomenon, attested also in the Hesychian lexicon, see e.g. [1] αὐκάν · ἀλκήν. Κρῆτeς (HAL α-8277); [2] αὐκυόνα · ἀλκυόνα. Κρῆτeς (HAL α-8280); [3] αὕμα · ἅλμη, ὑπὸ Κρητῶν (HAL α-8324); [4] αὖσος · ἄλσος. Κρῆτeς (HAL α-8347); [5] θeύγeσθαι · θέλγeσθαι. Κρῆτeς (HAL θ-427). The same phonological process of velarization of *λ [l] is securely confirmed in three towns of Central Crete (Gortys, Leben, Phaestus) by numerous epigraphic texts. It is highly probable that the Hesychian term ζακαυθίδeς ‘calabash gourds’ (as if from *ζακαλθίδeς) must be treated as a dialectal form typical of Central Cretan.

The Thessalian and Cretan Name for ‘Bottle Gourd’