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At present there is a great deal of research on ventilation system efficiency for providing the most effective airflow pattern for contaminant removal (microorganisms i.e. fuWngi, bacteria, viruses; chemical i.e. waste anesthetic gases, CO2 and particulate matter) and assuring the control of surgical site infection risk. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling and simulation, compared with experimental monitoring results and literature evidences, are widely applied for providing useful indications on proper indoor microclimate conditions and IAQ [1]. Usually, threedimensional time-dependent CFD models are developed to assess the airflow patterns, air velocity and temperature distribution due to laminar unidirectional (vertical downward) air flows [2], in other cases to turbulent air flows and also to the air curtains so as to achieve IAQ and optimal air asepsis [3]. Some authors have used CFD for a three dimensional analysis of thermal comfort and contaminant removal inside hospitals: checking model validity by experimental literature evidence and data comparison, they calculated the predicted mean vote (PMV), contaminant removal effectiveness (CRE) and mean contaminant concentration in the breathing zone by transient simulation results, in order to assess HVAC system efficiency. They investigated the effect of horizontal location of supply and exhaust grilles also for maintaining adequate comfort conditions for patients and surgical staff [4]. Many literature has used CFD simulation to assess colony forming unit (cfu) dispersion and evaluate air flow distribution effectiveness in real OTs [. In a more specific research the influence of periodic bending movement of the medical staff combined with bacteria carrying particle distribution on the airflow field and temperature distribution have been investigated [5]. Most of these studies consider correct use, on-design operational conditions of OTs. Some new analyses have been proposed concerning moving object effects on the airflow inside OTs under correct and incorrect use conditions [6] [7]. In the most recent literature, the assessment of ventilation efficiency in OTs, including air flow distribution under different configurations and different positions of diffuser supply velocity, is studied by applying CFD simulation and full-scale experimental investigations [8]. A recent study based on experimental measurements and CFD simulation shows the efficacy of different ventilation systems in removing bacteria and particles using adducted return strategy to induce air flow from clean to less clean zones [9]. In the literature there is not much that addresses the analysis of the efficiency of a ventilation system in an OT, equipped with ante-chamber and/or air locking system for guaranteeing air pressure difference, indoor microclimatic conditions and IAQ, minimizing the air flow inlet from non-clean zones to the OT. A recent research work of the present authors has dealt with ABSTRACT

THERMO-FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS AND AIR QUALITY FOR DIFFERENT VENTILATION PATTERNS IN AN OPERATING THEATRE