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Chylothorax refers to the accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the pleural space. Diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of chylomicrons in the pleural fluid, however in clinical practice Buttiker criteria are widely used. The aim of this publication is to present the case of a newborn with bilateral congenital chylothorax with an updated review of the literature that encourages data collection and generation of national guidelines for standardized approach. This was a newborn preterm, who after a cesarean delivery presented respiratory distress syndrome who required early surfactant therapy achieving withdrawal of mechanical ventilation on his first day, with subsequent presentation of signs of respiratory distress, and a radiological and ultrasound finding of bilateral pleural effusion. Thoracentesis was performed obtaining cytochemical compatible with chylothorax. Again required invasive ventilatory support, closed bilateral thoracostomy and parenteral nutrition, with a satisfactory clinical course. MED.UIS. 2017;30(1):87-92.Keywords: Congenital Chylothorax. Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn. Pleural Effusion. Premature.

Recién nacido pretérmino con quilotórax congénito bilateral, una entidad infrecuente que amenaza la vida