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In the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods, particularly in surfactant flooding, many tests have been performed, many scientific papers have been written and many findings have been found; however, there are still a lot of questions without any answers. Some of them are the interactions between the different reservoir components and the chemical flooding that are used in the EOR process. Nowadays, the main problem in the petroleum industry is the economic feasibility. Some authors report that the surfactant lost by the adsorption in the porous media increases the amount of surfactant that is needed. Understanding and controlling the amount of surfactant adsorbed directly, affects the project economics. It is crucial to the economic success of an EOR project that adsorption is reduced in the project design; to do so it requires an understanding of surfactant adsorption mechanisms. One of the factors that affect the surfactant adsorption in porous media is the mineralogy of the reservoir by the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) due to clays minerals present in the mineral composition of the reservoir. The Mirador and Misoa formations are the reservoirs that have the most important oil reserves in the western of Venezuela. In this investigation, the main objective was to know the relation between the mineral composition and the CEC of this geological formations and how this can affect the EOR. The methodology consists in pulverizing and filtering some samples of the both formations, after that a DRX analysis was made in order to obtain the mineral phases present. The results corroborate that Quartz is the main mineral present with more than 90%, but in the Mirador Formation, it has approximately 8% of clay minerals like Kaolinite, Illite and 0,3% of dolomite mineral unlike samples of Misoa that contain 98% of Quartz. The results of Cation exchange obtained from atomic absorption spectrephotometry, the Misoa Formation exhibit the major CEC versus Mirador CEC, using the Mg, Ca, K, cation, this indicate that the presence of the clay minerals, especially Montmorillonite, kaolinite and Illite, control the CEC in the porous media. This phenomenon is explained by the crystalline structure of the clay mineral that shows the 1:1-layer structure (kaolinite) that consists of the repetition of one tetrahedral and one octahedral sheet, while in the 2:1-layer structure (Illite) one octahedral sheet is between two tetrahedral sheets. When the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets are joined in a layer, the resulting structure can be either electrically neutral or negatively charged, but it depends on a number of factors such as pH, ionic strength, temperature and pressure. It’s important to know the mineral composition of the reservoir, mainly the clays minerals, that affect directly over the surfactant adsorption by the CEC, kaolinite (1:1 T-O-T structure) has the lower CEC 3-5 meq/100gr, and Illite 10-50 meq/100gr, (2:1 structure) and the charge of these minerals is negative.

Cation Exchange Capacity in Mirador and Misoa Formation and the Effect in Enhanced Oil Recovery