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EnglishIn this paper, from the bibliographic review and the analysis of secondary data, we analyze the geological characteristics of the Santos Basin, the evolution of the hydrocarbon exploration and production specially, from the Post-salt and Pre-salt reservoirs, that together with the Campos Basin production, currently account for 89% of the national oil and natural gas production. The positive characteristics of the Pre-salt oil and natural gas reservoirs (potential volume of reserves, high productivity, oil quality, low exploration and production risk) generated three consequences: reducing the cost of production in the same time, low oil crude prices in the international market; interests of international companies and their home countries to access the Pre-salt reserves; the Santos Basin became the largest hydrocarbon producer in Brazil. portuguesNo presente artigo, a partir da revisao bibliografica e da analise de dados secundarios, analisamos as caracteristicas geologicas da Bacia de Santos, a evolucao da exploracao e producao de hidrocarbonetos, nos reservatorios do Pos-sal e Pre-sal, que somada a producao da Bacia de Campos, respondem atualmente por 89% da producao nacional de petroleo e gas natural. As caracteristicas positivas dos reservatorios de petroleo e gas natural do Presal (volume potencial das reservas, alta produtividade, qualidade do oleo, baixo risco exploratorio e de producao) geraram tres consequencias: a reducao do custo de producao, em um momento que o mercado internacional apresenta baixa cotacao do barril de petroleo; a atracao dos interesses das companhias internacionais e dos seus paises de origem em acessarem as reservas do Pre-sal; a Bacia de Santos tornou-se a maior produtora de hidrocarbonetos do Brasil.

Bacia de Santos no Brasil: geologia, exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural