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espanolLos estudios paleolimnologicos requieren de una base amplia de informacion sobre la geometria y la profundidad de los paquetes sedimentarios de las cuencas lacustres antes de la extraccion de nucleos. Comunmente, se emplean metodos sismicos para la caracterizacion indirecta de los sedimentos acumulados en los fondos de los lagos. Sin embargo, en ocasiones el uso de metodos sismicos puede ser limitado debido a las condiciones superficiales, contrastes sismicos reducidos entre las unidades estratigraficas de interes o a una calidad de datos insuficiente para la seleccion de los sitios de perforacion. Las fuentes de ruido cultural son la principal razon por la que metodos sismicos fallan en sitios de estudio ubicados cerca de o dentro de ciudades grandes, como la Ciudad de Mexico. Bajo ciertas condiciones, metodos electricos y electromagneticos pueden sustituir o complementar la exploracion sismica, ya que responden a otras propiedades fisicas del subsuelo. Para evaluar la aplicabilidad de estos metodos, se presentan dos estudios de caso realizados en los antiguos lagos de Chalco y Xochimilco, ambos ubicados en areas urbanas dentro de la Cuenca de Mexico, en los que se realizaron mediciones de tomografia de resistividad electrica (TRE), sondeos electromagneticos por transitorios (TEM) y sondeos magnetoteluricos (MT) para caracterizar el basamento y los sedimentos lacustres. En ambos ejemplos, los resultados de la exploracion geofisica brindaron informacion estratigrafica valiosa para la posterior perforacion y recuperacion de nucleos, lo cual evidencia el potencial de los metodos electricos y electromagneticos para estudios paleolimnologicos EnglishPaleolimnological studies require a broad understanding of the geometry and depth of the sedimentary fill of lake basins prior to coring campaigns. Seismic methods are routinely employed for the indirect characterization of lake-bottom sediments. However, the use of seismic methods might occasionally be limited due to surface conditions or poor seismic contrasts between the stratigraphic units, which lead to data quality that is too poor to provide sufficient information for the selection of drill sites. Sources of cultural noise are one of the main reasons why seismic methods fail in study areas near or within large cities, such as Mexico City. Under certain conditions, electrical and electromagnetic methods might be a suitable substitute or complement to seismic exploration, as they respond to different physical properties of the subsurface. To evaluate the applicability of such methods, here we present two recent case studies from the desiccated lakes Chalco and Xochimilco both located in urban areas within the Basin of Mexico where electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), transient electromagnetic (TEM) and magnetotelluric (MT) soundings were conducted for the characterization of lake basement and lacustrine sediments. In both examples, the results of the geophysical exploration contributed valuable stratigraphic information for the following drilling and core recovery, which highlights the potential of electrical and electromagnetic methods in paleolimnological studies.

" Geoelectrical and Electromagnetic Methods Applied to Paleolimnological Studies: Two Examples from Desiccated Lakes in the Basin of Mexico"