English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Tidal Energy uses the earth’s gravitational interactions with the sun and moon to convert hydraulic energy into usable electric power for various uses. The orbital and rotational effects of the sun and moon create tidal patterns which may be reasonably predicted as opposed to other forms of renewable energy. The energy available can be measured by the difference in tide heights or velocities depending on the application of the tidal device. Today’s challenges focus on overcoming the minimum energy necessary to effectively power the turbines, initial project costs, meeting peak load demands, and low impacts to the environment. The United States Navy is currently on a tenacious path to explore energy saving technology that could be used in isolated and remote locations as well as various climate conditions to supplement the Navy’s power generation requirements. Executive Orders 13693 and 13514 mandate the reduction of energy intensity coupled with the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of approximately 28% by Fiscal year 2020 from a year 2008 baseline. The purpose of this research is to conduct a technical review of companies capable of supporting the Navy’s global goal in reduction of greenhouse gases for future Research, Development, Testing, and Evaluation or financed energy type contracts. The methodology for technical review will include examining the company’s corporate experience, past performance, environmental compliance, permitting, and the ability to operate internationally. The study of the Technical Review of Companies able to Support the Education and Naval Installations’ Renewable Energy Goals through the use of Tidal and Hydro Kinetic Energy Devices would fit the call in the graduate division and it is consistent with the division objectives. Furthermore, the study is relevant to the ASEE division’s mission and the scope is interdisciplinary including design, development and research. The research paper was a term project for a public works engineering and management class that is offered each fall semester. This makes it relevant to the theme of the ASEE Graduate Studies Division. How Tidal Energy Works Tidal Energy uses the earth’s gravitational interactions with the sun and moon to convert hydraulic energy into usable electric power for various uses. The orbital and rotational effects of the sun and moon create tidal patterns which may be reasonably predicted as opposed to other forms of renewable ocean energy. The energy available can be measured by the difference in tide heights. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) summarized tidal patterns in three categories. Figure 1 illustrates those typical tidal patterns. 5 Figure 1: Typical Tidal Patterns Diurnal tide has one high tide and one low tide every 24 hours and can be observed in many areas within the Gulf of Mexico. Semidiurnal has two high tides and two low tides every 24 hours and can be observed along the eastern coast of North America. Mixed Semidiurnal tides also experience two high tides and two low tides every 24 hours, however; the amplitude of high are low tides are dependent on the lunar cycle. Semidiurnal tides can be observed along many areas on the western coast of North America. 5 As an estimate for the energy available, a simple energy equations derived from Newton’s Law can be used. The total energy available is the sum of the potential and kinetic energy. The potential energy can be calculated by: E = 1⁄2 x (cross sectional area of the device) x (density of the body of water) x (acceleration due to gravity) x (difference in tidal height). While the density and acceleration due to gravity are mostly fixed constants, the difference in tidal height and cross sectional area of the device are the main focus of an engineer’s challenge to harness the potential energy. To calculate the kinetic energy: E = 1⁄2 (mass of object) x (velocity). The mass of the object (or device used) is dependent on the engineer’s design. To maximize the kinetic energy, engineers examine hydraulic mapping of ocean currents, searching for suitable sites with rapid moving currents. More complex equations based on empirical data are currently being developed by engineers and scientists across the United States, Europe, and Asia. In the subsequent sections of this research the different types of tidal and marine hydro kinetic energy devices will be examined for their various uses in different geographic regions. Conventional Tidal Energy Devices

Technical Review of Companies able to Support the Education and Naval Installations' Renewable Energy Goals through the use of Tidal and Hydro-Kinetic Energy Devices