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This article focuses on systematization and presentation of slightly scattered information concerning two amazing “creations of Allah” — Tinnin and Su‘ban, which can be considered as two “classic” dragons of the Arab-Islamic tradition. Despite the fact that these creatures were mentioned in folklore, fairy-tale material, and also legends about them were transmitted using oral tradition, the information about the Tinnin and Su‘ban can be gleaned only in medieval treatises over the centuries. Such sources, perhaps, deprive the reader of the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with these amazing creatures as an element of the beliefs of the ordinary inhabitants of the Caliphate, but this allows tracing cross-cultural ties: the Tinnin and Su‘ban are closely intertwined not only with the Semitic tradition, but also with the ancient one. Even though these two creatures have something in common with the Semitic and ancient Greek dragons (and moreover, with the winged reptiles we are used to from the legends of Western Europe, and with the mustachioed beasts from China), they are not devoid of a certain authenticity. Not only the legends associated with them, but also which contain archetypal plots are original. The main body of the article consists of three sections — the first one looks into the characterization of Tinnin, the third one into the description of Su‘ban. The second section contains legends about Tinnin, which look like complete storylines. The basic source of information was the “Miracles of Creations” by Zakariya al-Qazwini, but several details and plot twists were borrowed from other authors — beginning with the great populist of Islamic science al-Jahiz and ending with the authors of geographical and biological treatises of the 14th–15th centuries. In conclusion the authors give some considerations regarding the role of Tinnin and Su‘ban in the development of Islamic cosmology, as well as assumptions are made about how the two “dragon” traditions developed in parallel in the Arab-Muslim environment, and whether it is worth identifying or separating the creatures mentioned in the article.

How to Pickle a Dragon: Classic Arabo-Antique Recipe