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The article presents the views of different understanding of social and political ideals in Russian political and philosophical thought. Two largely opposite projects were analyzed: “communal socialism” by Herzen and the project of conciliarity (“sobornost&amp;apos;”) by Khomyakov. Despite the fact that the focus of both thinkers was on the same institution – the traditional Russian community – the understanding of its role in the future reorganization of the country was significantly different for both thinkers. The article analyzes the main provisions of the concepts of Herzen and Khomyakov in a comparative manner; it is noted that both philosophers predicted a unique path of development of Russia, incomparable with the idea of a social ideal of the European type.

Community socialism of Alexander Herzen and the doctrine of conciliarity of Alexey Khomyakov: two opposite social ideals