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espanolCentrandonos en las politicas de la memoria implementadas por la republica de Panama en sus primeras decadas de existencia, nos proponemos confrontar dos centenarios que concentraron los esfuerzos de las autoridades en materia de politica nacionalizadora y de diplomacia cultural: por un lado, el cuarto centenario del Descubrimiento del Mar del Sur por Vasco Nunez de Balboa, celebrado en Panama entre 1913 y 1916; por otro, el centenario del Congreso Anfictionico reunido por Bolivar en el istmo en 1826. Dichas conmemoraciones fueron organizadas por la elite liberal panamena en un doble contexto de especial tension: por un lado, la crisis economica provocada por la primera guerra mundial y que degenero en una grave crisis social a mediados de los anos veinte; por otro, su voluntad de renegociar el Tratado de 1903, para obtener de Estados Unidos condiciones mas satisfactorias para la concesion del canal interoceanico. Basandonos en fuentes archivisticas, hemerograficas y en la ensayistica, nos interesaremos por las ambiguedades que marcaron sendos proyectos, los cuales pretendian escenificar a una republica encaminada en la via del progreso y la modernidad, ocultando la trastienda de una sociedad fragmentada y una nacion intervenida. EnglishFocusing on the policies of memory implemented by the Republic of Panama in the early decades of its existence, we propose to compare two centenaries that concentrate the authorities’ efforts in nationalization policy and cultural diplomacy. On one hand is the fourth centenary of the Discovery of the South Sea by Balboa, celebrated in Panama between 1913 and 1916; and on the other hand the centenary of the Amphycitonic Congress held by Bolivar in the isthmus in 1826. These commemorations were organized by the Panamanian liberal elite in a double context of particular tension: first, the economic crisis caused by the World War, which degenerated into a severe social crisis in the mid-1920s, and second, their aim to renegotiate the 1903 Treaty, to obtain more satisfactory conditions from the United States for the concession of the inter-oceanic canal. On the basis of archives, newspapers and essays, we study the ambiguities that marked both projects, which sought to present a Republic guided by progress and modernity to mask the reality of a fragmented society and a nation that had been intervened.

Panamá, de Balboa a Bolívar: una construcción nacional entre hispanismo y panamericanismo