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Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures although being the gold standard for diagnosingtuberculosis has its limitations as it is time consuming. Thus newer methods using light-emitting diodefluorescent microscopy (LED-FM) and molecular methods like the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay are beingadopted as a mainstay for diagnosing tuberculosis around the globe.Materials and Methods: This observational descriptive study was carried out for a period of 21 months.Sputum samples from 110 adult subjects with a clinical suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) werestained for LED-FM microscopy and also inoculated into the GeneXpert assay. The positive smears weregraded as per the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) guidelines and positiveGeneXpert assay results along with Rifampicin resistance were noted and analysed.Results: Out of the 110 samples, (77.2%) were males and (22.7%) females. Of the 110 samples, 75(68.1%) were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis by the GeneXpert assay. In contrast with LEDFM,all 25 smear positive samples were also GeneXpert positive. Additionally, GeneXpert detected 10smear negative cases. 10 (9%) positive GeneXpert isolates showed resistance to Rifampicin. The overallsensitivity of GeneXpert was greater but its specificity was comparable with LED-FM.Conclusion: The Xpert and LED-FM tests were comparable in specificity, but the GeneXpert assay outdid the LED-FM as it was a more sensitive and rapid test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and additionallydetection of Rifampicin resistance. Our study fully agrees that the GeneXpert assay is a step ahead in theearly diagnosis of tuberculosis even for smear negative cases of PTB. This assay is also a relatively simpleand routine test that staff can perform with minimal training.Keywords: LED fluorescent microscopy, GeneXpert, Rifampicin resistance.

indian journal of microbiology research

A study to analyze the differences between GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay and LED fluorescent microscopy for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care centre