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Antibiotic resistance was associated with clinical bacterial pathogens but not to environmental isolates. Thus, this study aimed to isolate, characterize, and determine the antibiotic resistance property of the bacteria obtained from Lake Lanao surface water using Filter paper disc diffusion method. A total of 99 distinct bacteria were isolated and screened for antibiotic resistance. Results showed that 54 were resistant to Cefuroxime, 36 to Cefalexin, 19 to Cotrimoxazole, 9 to CoAmoxiclav and none to Streptomycin. Intermediate resistance to Cotrimoxazole was 17, 11 to CoAmoxiclav, 9 to Cefuroxime, and 8 of the isolates to Cefalexin. Susceptibility was recorded to all bacterial isolates to Streptomycin, 79 to CoAmoxiclav, 63 to Cotrimoxazole, 55 to Cefalexin, and 36 to Cefuroxime. Evaluation of Multiple Antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of the isolates showed that 59.59% of the isolates have MAR index ≥ 0.2 which may indicate high risk sources of contamination such as human wastes and commercial poultry farms where antibiotics are often used while 40.41% have MAR index ≤ 0.2 indicating that the strain originated from animals in which antibiotics were seldom or never used. MAR index analysis of the four sampling sites however revealed low MAR value. The findings of this study can serve as a baseline information to monitor antibiotic resistance trends in the future and the need for controlled use of antibiotics and pollution monitoring programs around Lake Lanao.

international journal of pharma medicine and biological sciences

Antibiotic Resistance Profiling and Evaluation of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) Index of Bacterial Isolates from Surface Water of Lake Lanao, Philippines