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In greenhouse crop production, climatic parameters are often manipulated to optimize plant growth. Greenhouse climate has profound influences also on pests and their natural enemies used for biocontrol. The responses of arthropod pests, plant disease agents and natural enemies to constant temperatures and humidity are relatively well known, but many pertinent questions remain unsolved for pest and natural enemy biology and behaviour in conditions created by the newest greenhouse climate technologies and approaches. Greenhouse climate can be optimized also to benefit natural enemies and to work against pests and plant diseases, but we know less how to make this happen than we know how to manipulate plant growth through temperature, humidity, CO2 and light conditions. Figure 1. The key components of greenhouse climate influencing crop plants and crop-pest-natural enemy interactions. Blue cells: factors influencing the magnitude of the climatic component in the greenhouse. Air movements even out temperature, humidity and gas gradients inside the greenhouse, and are themselves influenced by solar radiation and temperature conditions through pressure differences created between the inside and the outside of the greenhouse. CO2 is by far the most important component of the gaseous environment. Plant-emitted volatile organic compounds and occasional foreign substances such as pesticide fumes also form a subcomponent of the gaseous environment.

Adapting greenhouse climate for enhanced biocontrol and better performance of plant protection products