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Tailings deposits from gold- and uranium mining usually contain elevated amounts of radioactive and chemotoxical heavy metals. By seepage dissolved uranium and other contaminants migrate from tai- lings deposits via groundwater into adjacent fluvial systems. The subse- quent transport in streams and rivers is one of the most effective pathways of distributing contaminants throughout the biosphere. In a comparative study of mining areas in Germany, South Africa and Australia mechanisms of non-point stream-contamination and the aqueous transport of uranium were investigated. The study comprises geochemical analyses of samples from various sediment-water systems along the aqueous pathway as well real-time in situ-measurements in the fluvial system itself. In this paper geochemical data of water- and sediment samples from the Koekemoer Spruit as a typical example for a mining affected stream in South Africa - are analysed with respect to possible mechanisms of trans- port and immobilisation of uranium migrating in solution. Ratios between dissolved and solid phases of uranium for various water-sediment-systems along the aqueous pathway indicated, unexpectedly, significant lower mobility of uranium in stream and channel water than in the groundwater - floodplain system. Correlation of various geochemical parameters sug- gests co-precipitation of uranium along with calcium-carbonate and iron/manganese-compounds is the main reason for the higher immobilisa - tion rate in the flowing water systems.

cuadernos de investigación geográfica

Uranium contamination of fluvial systems. Mechanisms and processes. Part I : geochemical mobility of uranium along the water path, the Koekemoerspruit (South Africa) as a case study