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Recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis on pneumonia have been discussed in the article. Morbidity of pneumonia is 5 to 10 per 1 000 of population in Europe and Northern America. Mortality of pneumonia is as high as 10 % and continues to grow. The leading pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniaе, particularly in severe disease. Last years, highly specific rapid diagnosis tools for identifying Streptococcus pneumoniaе infection have been developed such as Binax and urine antigen test. Prevalence of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus is significantly lower in patients vaccinated with 13-valent conjugate vaccine against this pathogen. Particular attention is paid to healthcare-associated pneumonia which is close to nosocomial pneumonia in term of spectrum and properties of causing pathogens (gram-negative flora, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, high antibacterial resistance). Obesity, hypotrophy, gene-related susceptibility to infectious disease, in particular, TNF-#a gene polymorphism, co-morbidity, mainly COPD, are discussed as risk factors for severe pneumonia. Duration and optimal combinations of antimicrobials are still under debate.

Pneumonia as an actual medical problem of the 21th century