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Results: When compared to neonates who had bowel resection in the OR, the NICU group had lower mean gestational age (EGA) at birth (26 vs 34 weeks, p=<0.0001), lower weight at surgery (72.7% NICU patients <1000 grams vs 7.6% OR patients, p=<0.0001), and had the operative diagnosis of spontaneous intestinal perforation (48.8%) or NEC (42.9%) compared to OR patients (18.7%) for both diagnoses (p=<0.0001, p=0.0003). Bivariate analysis revealed that EGA at birth (OR 0.668, p=<0.0001), APGAR 1 minute (OR 0.776, p=0.001), and pre-op respiratory FiO2 percentage (OR 2.514, p=<0.0001) were significant predictors of operation location. Propensity score matching (15 matched pairs) showed survival rates were lower in the NICU group (p=0.0156). Modifiable risk factors, such as the usage of a heating device during surgery (p=<0.0001) and temperature monitoring during surgery (p=<0.0001) were positively correlated with survival, while blood administration in the first 24 hours post-surgery (p=0.001) was correlated with worse survival.

Neonatal bowel resections occurring in the NICU are associated with lower survival rates compared to the OR