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Dating back to the mid-nineteenth century, environmental advocacy in the United States is certainly nothing new. However, the modem environmental movement did not take hold in the United States until the 1970s.' Up until the 1970s, followers of the environmental movement consisted only of wealthy political elitists advocating mainly for conservation.2 The modem environmental movement, on the other hand, began as a social movement garnering deeper concern and more popular support.3 The oil spill that occurred in 1969 off the coast of Santa Barbara, California devastated the American public and spawned modem environmental advocacy in the United States, especially as related to water pollution and offshore oil drilling in its coastal waters.4 In January of 1969, a natural gas blowout on an oil platform owned by Union Oil Co. , located six miles off the coast of Santa Barbara, created a huge hole in the oil pipeline.5 Oil workers struggled for nearly two weeks attempting to repair the rupture. During that time 200,000 gallons of crude oil rose to the surface of the ocean and spread across thirty-five miles of California coastline.7 The spill devastated the environment and tarnished the reputation of the oil industry. Oil spills continued to occur at alarming rates in the years following the

Offshore Oil Drilling in the United States and the Expansion of Cuba's Oil Program: A Discussion of Environmental Policy