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During infection by RNA viruses, intracellular oxidative mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-oxidant cytokines are generated. RNA viruses require the presence of redox molecules in the cell membrane to make the necessary conformational changes for cell attachment and penetration. In addition, they need to induce cellular oxidative stress since this allows the expression of the biochemical machinery necessary for their translation using internal ribosome entry sites (IRES). The generation of ROS, as a consequence of viral infection or by xenobiotic agents, stimulates the activation of the NFκB pathway and, together with oxidative activity, increases viral replication. Likewise, RNA viruses inhibit antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and important factors in anti-inflammatory pathways such as Nrf2, PPARγ, among others. The treatment and use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents in viral diseases, both in animals and in human patients, affects the folding of viruses during binding to receptors and decreases the generation of virions per cell, thus allowing the sustained production of viral antigens to develop efficient and balanced immunity.

Los virus RNA inducen estrés oxidativo celular y los antioxidantes reducen la generación de partículas virales, tanto in vitro como in vivo