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The environmental protection area known as Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PN7C) is a conservation reserve established by the Brazilian government in 1961, and is situated on the northern portion of Piauí State, in the municipalities of Piracuruca and Brasileira. Previous studies suggested the need of an enlargement of the reserve ́s area in order to face pressures related to the irrational human occupation of adjacent areas and use of these areas for activities such as cattle farming and slash-and-burn practices. These factors potentially threaten the effectiveness of the park in preserving the integrity of local populations and communities and the quality of important local water resources. According to this proposal, the total area of the reserve will increase from 6,221.5 ha to 10,163.5 ha. Nevertheless, there are great knowledge gaps on the resident species in the PN7C and its adjacent areas, which unable a detailed estimate of: a) the risks imposed by the pressures mentioned above, b) the increment of the biological components preserved obtained by an enlargement, and c) the benefits of the enlargement to the capacity of the reserve and its buffer zone in resisting external anthropogenic pressures. This article presents a proposal of an investigation program, designed by a team of specialists on different areas of botany, zoology and ecology, aiming to contribute to the feasibility of the PN7C's proposed enlargement. The authors believe that by providing scientific information on the local fauna and flora and the ecological processes operating within the reserve and adjacent areas, the program would provide strong subsidies for the enlargement. This article provides a framework that includes operational strategies and sampling methodologies and designs for the following taxonomic and functional groups: Plants, including the trees, shrubs, subshrubs and herbs; aquatic organisms, including fishes, benthic invertebrates, zooplankton and phytoplankton; amphibians; reptiles; and terrestrial insects. The study proposed here includes surveying the biological components and investigating the patterns of distribution and abundance of species within the reserve and in its adjacent areas; georeferencing and including specimens in scientific collections; estimating endemism rates of different taxonomic groups; and addressing the role of biological and physical factors on the structure and function of local plant and animal communities.

Subsídios Científicos para a Ampliação do Parque Nacional de Sete Cidades (PN7C): Análise da Biodiversidade nas Áreas a Serem Incorporadas e Entorno