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Inequalities in educational achievement in Paraguay have been well-documented by geographic location, gender, and language. But little is known about the pattern of household education expenditure in Paraguay. Using the 2011/2012 “Encuesta de Ingresos y Gastos,” this study investigates household gender biases within households in allocating educational expenditure, as well as gaps between households in the level of education expenditure in Paraguay using a unified regression framework. A working-Leser model is specified to estimate an Engel curve, which describes a household’s education expenditure as a function of total expenditure and other household characteristics. No evidence of gender bias in household education expenditure was found. Gaps in education expenditure by language spoken in Un análisis del gasto en educación de los hogares en Paraguay: sesgos por género, brechas por idioma, y el acceso a la educación Lyliana Gayoso de Ervin (*) y Paul Ervin (**) (*) Economista Senior, Secretaría Técnica de Planificación(STP), Asunción, Paraguay. E-mail: lgayoso@stp.gov.py (**) Investigador, Instituto Desarrollo, Asunción, Paraguay. E-mail: paervin@gmail.com Recibido: 22/09/16; Aceptado: 8/11/16 An analysis of household education expenditure in Paraguay: gender biases, language gaps, and access to education Educación de calidad ARTíCULO CIENTíFICO Población y Desarrollo. 2016; 22 (43): 13 24 DOI: 10.18004 / pdfce / 2076-054x / 2016.022 (43) 013-024 Ervin y Ervin. Un análisis del gasto en educación de los hogares en Paraguay: sesgos por género, brechas por idioma, y el acceso a la educación 14 Población y Desarrollo. 2016; 22 (43): 13 24 the household are not statistically significant after controlling for household resources and geographic location, but the rural-urban gap in educational expenditure remains. The estimated total education expenditure elasticities suggest that education is a luxury good. However, the model also suggests that increasing household resources alone will not eliminate gaps in educational expenditure without also improving education quality and access. This is the only known study documenting that education, regardless of socioeconomic status, is a luxury good in Paraguay. It also provides empirical evidence that household’s may be shifting from a pro-male to a pro-female bias in education expenditure.