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Las diferentes herramientas del Control Estadistico de Calidad proporcionan mejores resultados si su uso se lleva a cabo de manera secuencial, facilitando la deteccion de los puntos debiles del proceso productivo. Asi, en el presente estudio se expone un metodo de trabajo en el que se utilizan, atendiendo a la necesidad en cada punto de la cadena de produccion, algunas de dichas herramientas. Concretamente se propone el uso del diagrama de flujo, grafico de Pareto, hojas de comprobacion, graficos de control (en este caso grafico p y grafico de media-recorrido), asi como el analisis de la varianza (ANOVA). El procedimiento se aplica a una empresa del sector agroalimentario, interesada en dar una solucion al problema derivado del elevado numero de quejas por parte de sus clientes. Las primeras conclusiones, en las que se observa un porcentaje elevado de elementos defectuosos (superior al 30%), llevan a analizar las causas principales, la constatacion de la capacidad del proceso y la cuantificacion de la perdida derivada de esta situacion, mediante la funcion de perdida de Taguchi. Para ello se realiza un estudio previo del descentramiento del proceso y del exceso de variabilidad que explicarian la falta de capacidad del mismo para fabricar segun especificaciones. When making use of the different existing tools for Statistical Process Control (SPC), better results can be achieved if a sequential approach is used. This working methodology will provide easier ways to detect any weak point in the production process. Here one such methodology is presented, during the application of which the most appropriate statistical tools are used in each step of the production chain, depending on the needs arising for each of them. In the process shown in this paper, the proposed tools are the flowchart, Pareto chart, check sheet, two different types of control charts (in this case p–chart and –R chart), and finally the analysis of variance (ANOVA). This procedure is applied to a production process in a food plant, in which the main goal at the moment the problem arose was being able to provide a solution to a specific problem that lead to a large number of complaints from their customers. The first results showed a high percentage (over 30 %) of nonconforming units. As a consequence, an analysis of the major causes was carried out, followed by the verification of the process capability and the quantification of the economic loss derived from this situation, by means of the Taguchi loss function. To achieve the latter, process centering and spread were studied. The observed excess in variability would explain the lack of capability to manufacture according to specifications

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Uso secuencial de herramientas de control de calidad en procesos productivos: una aplicación en el sector agroalimentario = Sequential use of quality control tools in production processes: an application in food industry