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Abstrak .  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik muatan dan sifat fisikokimia tanah pada Ultisol dan Andisol di lahan kering di Aceh Besar dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif pada jenis tanah Ultisol yang berasal dari Jantho dan Andisol dari Saree. Parameter yang di analisis yaitu kadar air, tekstur, pH, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), kation dapat dipertukarkan (Ca-dd, Mg-dd, K-dd, Na-dd), kejenuhan basa, kapasitas tukar anion (KTA), C-organik, kemasaman dapat dipertukarkan (Al dan H), pH 0 , P-retensi dan pH NaF. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Ultisol dan Andisol di lahan kering Aceh Besar termasuk kedalam liat aktifitas rendah (LAR) yang ditandai dengan KTK efektif <12 cmol kg -1 . Karakteristik muatan pada Ultisol Jantho dan Andisol Saree mempunyai muatan neto negatif dan bermuatan variabel. Penurunan C-organik dengan bertambahnya kedalaman tanah pada Ultisol dan Andisol diikuti oleh penurunan pH 0, P-retensi, dan Al-dd. Upaya untuk meningkatkan muatan negatif pada Ultisol dan Andisol yaitu dengan meningkatkan pH atau menurunkan muatan titik nol tanah melalui pemberian bahan organik atau bahan yang mempunyai pH 0 yang rendah seperti kompos, terak baja, batuan fosfat, bokashi sekam padi, dan abu terbang batubara. Characteristics of Charge and Soil Physicochemical Properties of Ultisol and Andisol in Dry land of Aceh Besar Abstract. This study aims to examine the characteristics of charge and physicochemical properties of Ultisol and Andisol in dry land of Aceh Besar using descriptive methods in Ultisol from Jantho and Andisol from Saree. Parameters analyzed are water content, texture, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable cations (Ca-dd, Mg-dd, K-dd, Na-dd), base saturation, anion exchange capacity (AEC), C-organic, acidity exchangeable (Al and H), pH 0 , P-retention and NaF pH. The results showed that Ultisol and Andisol in dry land of Aceh Besar included in the low activity clay (LAC) characterized by effective CEC 12 < kg-1. Characteristics of charge in  Ultisol Jantho and Andisol Saree have a negative charge and variable charge. Decrease in C-organic by increasing the depth of soil in Ultisol and Andisol followed by decreased pH 0 , P-retention, and Al-dd. Efforts to increase the negative charge on Ultisol and Andisol by increasing the pH or decreasing the zero point of charge of the soil through giving of organic matter or materials that have a low pH 0 such as compost, steel slag, rock phosphate, Bokashi rice husk and coal fly ash.

Karakteristik Muatan dan Sifat Fisikokimia Tanah pada Ultisol dan Andisol di Lahan kering Aceh Besar