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Resumo: Este estudo resgata o processo historico que inaugurou e institucionalizou o ensino do espanhol no Brasil e analisa os argumentos operados no arquivo governamental para justificar a inclusao do idioma. Para identificar as ideologias linguisticas e os ideologemas associados, tal retrospectiva e abordada a partir da area das Politicas Linguisticas e atraves de uma perspectiva glotopolitica. Ainda que as politicas que determinaram a insercao do espanhol tenham tido como gatilho as geopoliticas de integracao sul-americanas, os discursos analisados oscilam entre essa memoria, expressada atraves de uma retorica fundamentada no ideologema da grande familia continental; outra que remete a uma memoria iberica, marcada pelo ideologema do espanhol como a lingua de Cervantes; e, por fim, uma representacao que mescla as anteriores e se desvela nas figuras do aluno culto, cidadao de uma imaginada America bilingue e do soldado letrado, integrante de um imaginado exercito bilingue. Palavras-chave: ensino do espanhol; ideologias linguisticas; politicas linguisticas; glotopolitica. Abstract: This study recovers the historical process that established and institutionalized the teaching of Spanish in Brazil and analyzes the grounds on which the discourse of the government archives relied on to justify the inclusion of this language in Brazilian education. To identify the underlying linguistic ideologies and ideologemes associated with this process, we address such a retrospective from the viewpoint of linguistic policies and a glottopolitical perspective. Although the policies that determined the inclusion of Spanish teaching were triggered by South American integration geopolitics, the discourses analyzed vary between this memory, expressed through a rhetoric based on the ideologeme of the great continental family; another one that refers to an Iberian memory, marked by the ideologeme of Spanish as the language of Cervantes; and, finally, a representation that mixes the previous ones and is featured both in the cultured student, citizen of an imaginary bilingual America, and in the learned soldier member of an imaginary bilingual army. Keywords: Spanish teaching; linguistic ideologies; language policies; glottopolitics.

Entre letras e armas: sobre a gênese do ensino do espanhol no Brasil / Between letters and weapons: on the genesis of Spanish teaching in Brazil