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On 4 March 2010, the JiaSian earthquake ( M W = 6.0 and M L = 6.4) struck southern Taiwan. It was the largest earthquake in the region in nearly fifty years, since the 1964 Paiho earthquake ( M L = 6.3). According to the damage report by the Taiwan National Fire Agency, there were 96 people injured, but thankfully no deaths. However, hundreds of buildings, including school buildings, were required to be immediately evaluated for structural safety. The hypocenter of the 2010 JiaSian earthquake is shallow (about 23 km, given by the Central Weather Bureau [CWB], Taiwan) and is located within less than a few tens of kilometers to populated areas (Kaohsiung and Tainan counties) on its western side, coinciding with the direction of the mainshock rupture (Figure 1). Therefore, the JiaSian earthquake provides an opportunity to examine the performance of the current earthquake early warning system (EEWS) operated by CWB and also test two new proposed magnitude estimation methods in the EEWS (Lin and Wu 2010a, 2010b).The two most commonly adopted types of EEWSs at the present time are regional and onsite warning systems. In regional EEWSs, the ground shaking characteristics (either P or S waves) recorded by seismic sensors or a network close to the epicenter are used to calculate the earthquake hypocenter and magnitude and then to estimate strong ground motions at distant target areas. For onsite EEWSs, the initial P-wave motion is used to predict the ground motions of the later S and surface waves (which commonly have higher amplitudes or destructive energy than that of the initial P-wave motion) at the same site. Generally, the onsite EEWS is faster but less accurate than the regional EEWS (Wu and Kanamori 2005a, 2005b).A sub-network method based on the regional EEWS approach has …

Magnitude Estimations in Earthquake Early Warning for the 2010 JiaSian, Taiwan, Earthquake