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The article examines the part that members of the Assembly of nobility of Kazan gubernia took in elaborating projects of future political system of the Russian empire at the outbreak of the first Russian revolution in 1905. The current interest in the issues of parliamentarism and self-governance makes this historical episode still more topical. A detailed study of the proceedings of the Assembly of nobility of Kazan gubernia and the works of the committee on popular representation helped us show that the Assembly of nobility began work on their project envisioning a popular representation body in order to allay the rising social unrest, especially among peasants of the gubernia. The project took two courses, exploring the opportunities offered by a suffrage system based on vocational and class representation, or by universal equal suffrage. The supporters of the latter approach tended to be more pro-democracy, but paid little attention to the size of constituencies and to the lack of the ‘culture of democracy’ among the general population. In the end, the committee members endorsed the former approach and voted to guarantee the right of legal initiative to the future representative body. In the wake of the All-Russia Congress of the nobility, A.N. Baratynsky and V.V. Markovnikov suggested an alternative solution which relied on the territorial authority of the Zemstvo, which was to elect members of the national representative body. As seen from documentary evidence, the nobility as a corporation was far from unanimous and was actually split into several groups: moderate monarchists, right-wingers and liberals. Only the richest landed gentry were involved in the drafting of the projects. Their serious intention of calming down the unrest made them remain very conscious about providing solutions to both local and national issues. Although the Kazan project was never submitted to the Bulygin Committee, the work on it helped the local gentry get involved in national politics. Our study has shown that the pathways of early Russian parliamentarism were far from straight. Even within a single one social group there was a good deal of contradiction on what shape the political system of Russia should take. As it is well-known, the supporters of estate-based suffrage won, which created the largest possible share of representation for the nobility in the future Duma. Later these projects and the ideas expressed therein formed the basis for consolidation of the nobility and the proliferation of their self-government.

Политические проекты казанского дворянства в 1905 г. как новая ступень самосознания