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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematopoietic malignancy of lymphoid progenitor cells. Malignant lymphoid cells proliferation accumulated the bone marrow, peripheral blood and extramedullary regions with a rapid progression, including the oral cavity. ALL mainly arises in children and is the most threatful type of cancer under the age 20. Advances in multiagent chemotherapy has increased the survival rate up to 90% in children, with less achievements of 30-40% in adult ALL. Patients, especially those with disease relapse, are considered for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Acute and chronic graft-versushost disease (GVHD) are representative complications that may follow HCT. Patients with a medical history of ALL are possible of experiencing various treatment levels of chemotherapy or HCT and are at risk for leukemia relapse which gives a wide range of considerations for dentists during oral examination. In this report, we discussed a case of a large pedunculated tongue mass in a patient with history of ALL and HCT.

Tongue Mass Arising after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Leukemia Relapse