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RISTANIEMI, O. and GLÜCKERT, G., 1987: The Ancylus transgression in the area of Espoo — the First Salpausselkä, southern Finland. Bull. Geol. Soc. Finland 59. Part 1, 45-69. The extent and age of the Ancylus transgression was studied by means of shore marks in the field, biostratigraphy from 39 bog and lake basins, and radiocarbon determinations in the area of the Salpausselkä zone, west of Helsinki, southern Finland. The rapid Yoldia regression in the Baltic f rom 10 200 to 9 700 BP was followed by the Ancylus transgression, involving a rise in water level in the research area of 4—7 m. Evidence of this rise is seen in eight basins, and in loss on ignition and diatoms. The duration of the transgression was dated to the Betula pollen zone, from 9 7 0 0 9 500 to 9 200 9 000 BP According to the present material, the Ancylus transgression is visible in SW Finland as far as the zone of the Third Salpausselkä. This culmination zone of the transgression has earlier been marked as the O isobase. The Betuna/Pinus (P) pollen zone boundary and the duration of the transgression were dated with the radiocarbon method and pollen analysis. The dispersion of the radiocarbon and pollen analytical dates might be caused by sources of error in the transgression sediment, such as mixing of the material and the abundance of secondary, older material. Moreover, the transgression began at different times in each basin, mainly depending on the altitude of the threshold of the basins. The date commonly used, 9 000 BP, for pollen zone boundary P in southern Finland seems to be metachronous within the study area, and is probably so throughout southern Finland. Furthermore, zone boundary P has been dated to 9 3 0 0 9 200 BP within the study area, and is thus a little older than proposed earlier.

The Ancylus transgression in the area of Espoo - the first Salpausselkä, southern Finland