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The article deals with an attempt to characterize a smell in human knowledge, analyzed the points of view of different scientists concerning this problem, considered odor markers of the artistic text as components of united system of verbal and non verbal individual resources aimed at forming different types of subtext. The olfactory feeling occupies the special place in the vital functions of man. They arose up one of the first, next to taste, which provided the living organisms two basic functions: feed and reproduction. However, in the process of evolution, olfactory feelings experienced the biggest changes European poetry of the beginning of XX century is interesting in its aspiration to create a new poetical speech that is why the attention is adhered to odor instruments, when the smell became an expression of the esthetical subtext. Odor content of the poetical speech of the XX century is one of the most important tools of forming content deepness of the text meaning, disclosure of the palette of meanings. The research is based on the material of poetry of representatives of Silver age and Ukrainian neoclassicists. The research proves that the most dynamic is lexical system of the language which helps to show ethnic language map of the world in artistic text. It studies the evolution of an individual author’s nomination in the poetic creativity of M. Rylsky, M. Zerov, Y. Klen, M. Dray-Hmara, P. Fylypovych, A. Block, N. Gumilov, A. Akchmatova, V. Maiakovski, S. Jesenin, V. Chlebnikov, O. Mandelshtam, M. Zvietaieva, V. Briusov and others. The paper examines the semantic-derivative structure of innovations of odor lexems, classifies the most numerous lexical and semantic groups of new words for identifying smell, and defines typical signs of odorous lexemes that represent the specific national language and poetic view of the world. Materials of the research can be used in teaching such subjects as “Modern Ukrainian Literary Language (lexicology, phraseology, lexicography)”, “Stylistics and Culture of the Ukrainian Language”, “Rhetoric and Linguistic Analysis of Artistic Text”, as well as special courses on ethnolinguistics, linguopoetics; for writing chapters devoted to the study of trope units, in textbooks and manuals; in lexicographic practice when compiling dictionaries of the writer’s language.

Odor Markers of Poetical Speech of the Beginning of the XX Century