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The article deals with the main stages of the ideological divergence of FM. Dostoevsky and N.S. Leskov on the question of the national ideal and Orthodoxy, noted the fundamental differences in their attitude to the people and the people’s faith, which excludes the possibility of ideological and creative convergences. The article emphasizes that the problem of nationality has become central to Russian literature, criticism and journalism. In the second half of the XIX century it was the subject of not only aesthetic, but, primarily, ideological discussions, in which F.M. Dostoevsky and N.S. Leskov took an active part. These writers were united by an interest in the life of the Russian people and the comprehension of the national ideal. Both writers recognized the duality of the Russian character, which combined bizarrely the good and the evil, the sinful and the righteous. However, Dostoevsky believed that the Russian people would never accept “their sin as truth”, and determined the popular faith as a religious ideal, Leskov called the Russian people heretic and associated his moral consciousness with the need for knowledge of God. If the national ideal seemed to Dostoevsky as the basis on which it is possible to unite the whole nation, then Leskov, on the contrary, was far from looking for the embodiment of the highest moral and religious values in national life. In addition, differences in the attitude to official Orthodoxy and the Orthodox Church became a serious basis for the ideological, and later personal differences between Dostoevsky and Leskov. But while for the author of The Brothers Karamazov, church traditions and the religious-mystical meaning of the “Russian faith” always had a determining meaning, then Leskov ultimately came to sermon of non-confessional Christianity and the idea of personal righteousness. The article proves that ideological differences in the interpretation of the nationality were the main reason not only for the lack of dialogue between writers, but also for the mutual rejection of each other’s work.

F.M. DOSTOEVSKY AND N.S. LESKOV ABOUT THE NATIONAL IDEAL: POINTS OF CONTIGUITY AND ALIANATE