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In the face of urban and social problems brought about by the industrialization, the 19th century has witnessed various efforts in both housing and urban space; and beginning from the late 18th century, but more in the 19th century, the first workers’ settlements have emerged in Western Europe as a response to these problems. In particular, the workers’ settlements such as factory-towns and company-towns built in the suburbs, have created a special solution not only to meet the housing needs of the workers, but also to provide the labour supply; furthermore, along with the conditions of the settlements and production, they were assigned to change the social structure and to create a new industrial society. In Turkey, however, the industrialization has begun nearly a century later than the European countries; and it was carried out within the framework of the modernization project adopted by the Republican ideology. By rapid industrialization and modernization process during the first half of the 20th century in Turkey, the workers’ settlements of the Western cultures, as in many other realms, have been considered as the representations of the modernity, and have been reinterpreted and built on the basis of political, social and cultural circumstances of the country. In early Republican Turkey, the reinterpretation of workers’ settlements was used as an important tool for the transformation of the society by means of reshaping the housing culture, as well as the relations of production and spatial practices. And these settlements have constituted the embodiment of the modern industrialized society, in the urban space. In this sense, the aim of the article is to re-evaluate the emergence of the workers’ settlements in the context of social background; and to discuss their roles in the architectural and urban modernization, as well as in social and cultural modernization of Turkey. Beginning with the problems brought about by industrialization in 19th century Europe, the emergence of workers’ settlements as a social phenomenon are discussed and exemplified. Subsequently, the early models of the workers’ settlements in Turkey are discussed both in the context of their predecessors in Europe and of the social background of the period. Hereby, it is expected to evoke further discussions on the cross-section of architectural, urban, and social transformations and to deepen the studies on the history of the early Republican architecture.

WORKERS SETTLEMENTS REVISITED: THE ORIGINS AND INTERPRETATIONS IN EARLY REPUBLICAN TURKEY