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The implementation of large generic systems in organizations is associated with many benefits. Some of these are institutional-wide coverage, streamlining of work practices, and the possibility to reuse systems across many institutional settings. However, many studies have noted how organizations are different and therefore may have diverging needs (e.g., Berg, 1999; Berg & Goorman, 1999; Star & Ruhleder, 1996). Accordingly, it is crucial for an organization’s vendors and project managers to align local needs with technical opportunities in order to establish a well-working system. Pollock and Williams (2008) have coined this process “generification”, and describe it as the vendors’ strategy of making a generic system work in several settings. Together with customization capabilities of the software, generification involves social processes of ordering, prioritizing, and persuading users in order to motivate them to use similar versions of the same system that is installed in different organizations (Pollock & Williams, 2008) Currently, the mechanisms of generification during implementation and use are well known (see, e.g., Pollock & Williams, 2008), but we have less insight about the generification processes in the design phase and to what extent local knowledge is exploited in the process. Therefore, this paper extends the notion of generification to the formative stages of generic systems and provides insight about the key mechanisms at play in this crucial phase.

Generification by Translation: Designing Generic Systems in Context of the Local