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The toponymic field represents a denominative ensemble concentrated around a nucleus, designating from the denominator’s perspective an object of maximum (socio)geographical importance in a micro-area, to which one or more derivate toponyms are subordinated, representing toponyms of secondary importance in their close proximity. The processes generating such a toponymic structure are polarization, which deals with (socio)geographical realities belonging to different classes and differentiation, which involves the same (socio)geographical reality. In this study we focus on the polarizing toponymic fields, whose accurate configuration is always conditioned by the identification beyond doubt of the polarizing nucleus. Therefore, our aim is not to identify the primary toponymic etymology, that is the designation relationship between the nucleus-toponym and the designated geographical object, but to establish the direction of polarization within the field, the so-called secondary etymology, that reveals and explains the relation of dependence of each toponymic derivate towards the polarizing factor.

The configuration of polarizing toponymic fields illustrated by examples from ttrm, II1–2