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The influence of polymer architecture for copper(II) ions stabilization was studied in an aqueous system. The polymers tested include: (a) homo-polymers of acrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, and vinyl pyrrolidone, and (b) coand terpolymers of acrylic acid and maleic acid containing comonomers with different functional groups (i.e., carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, ester, alcohol, etc.). It was found that polymers containing stronger acidic, aromatic, and bulkier groups contribute significantly to the performance of polymers. Results on the characterization of Cu(II) hydroxide particles formed in the absence and presence of polymers by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and particle size analyses are presented.

Controlling copper-based fouling by maleic acid and acrylic acid based copolymers in cooling water systems