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the article sought to refl ect on whether the institutional environment involving cooperatives in Mining Small Scale (MPE) favors the effectiveness of this organizational form at the heart of this economic activity. Thus, the article sought to understand the process of formalization of mineral cooperatives in the institutional environment of SSM, to then point out the constraints to formalization and the challenges faced in the operationalization of mineral activity by these organizations. The study was characterized as exploratory-descriptive, qualitative approach and case study method in two mineral cooperatives located in the State of Minas Gerais. Twenty-fi ve interviews were conducted with leaders and members of cooperatives, representatives of local public authorities, cooperatives in Minas Gerais, and state and federal agencies. The results indicate different processes of incorporation of cooperatives. While in one, the prospector organized themselves to anticipate the process of state control, in another, the small miners, they were constituted from the imposition of the State. In addition, the results indicate that the process of formalization and operationalization of the mineral activity is complex due to the gap existing between what predicts the institutional environment of the MPE of priority and foment to the cooperatives of the mineral branch and the reality of these organizations. In this sense, they face challenges to access mineral and environmental law, public policies, credit, advice, training, technology, organizational support, among others. These problems of the institutional environment affect the capacity of mineral and environmental management carried out by these organizations, it jeopardizes the economic and social development of the members of these cooperatives, as well as hinders the possibility of contributing to local development.

revista aos - amazônia, organizações e sustentabilidade

Pelos caminhos das pedras: os desafios das cooperativas na mineração em pequena escala ## The stone ways: the challenges in cooperatives in small-scale mining