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In the first-order phase transition, e.g., crystallization, two steps are identified. The first one [1] is the formation of critically sized nucleation centers in the metastable system, i.e. the size of nucleation centers is such that the system does not return to the initial one-phase state. The second step [2] is the evolution of post-critical big nucleation centers of a new phase. It is such quickly growing nucleation centers that accumulate, integrate, and absorb the metastable phase with small-sized nucleation centers. This paper focuses on the second step, using the example of crystallization. The theory of this step of the nucleation process without the macroscopic flow effect in the metastable material is well known, but this theory is constructed using the example of vapor condensation (see, for example, review [3]). In recent years, the size distribution of supercritical nucleation centers and its time evolution were obtained within the framework of this theory [4, 5]. In connection with the use of centrifugal casting technologies with a high rotary speed of lingots, a problem arose when predicting the influence of the flow, first of all, rotation, will have on crystallization and, in a broader sense, on first order phase transitions. Certainly, flow effects of different kinds occur during the material treatment. For example, during extra-high-power energy flux application, different mechanisms of convection excitation are revealed [6]. However, it is the influence of rotation that seems to be of special interest. The investigation of rotations influence is important for developing technologies for gradient spatiallyinhomogeneous composite material production. Due to spatial inhomogeneity, for example, surface hardening, such materials could potentially be used for manufacturing structures operating under extremely difficult conditions. Centrifugal casting is a well-known practice of producing composite materials, in particular, aluminum-based ones [7]. Alternatively, additional reinforcing materials allow one to perform microscopic investigation of sections of solid castings, which indicate the state of melt precisely on the second step of nucleation. In this work, the distribution of supercritical nucleation centers in the presence of flow effect, which was obtained theoretically, will be confirmed experimentally using the example of a composite produced by centrifugal casting from the aluminum alloy AK12 and boron carbide particles.

nanosistemy: fizika, himiâ, matematika

Distribution of supercritical nucleation centers during the crystallization process in the presence of a flow as illustrated by the example of boron carbide-reinforced aluminum