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Satisfactory planning of new targets against the stages of the malaria parasite should touch on the lack of knowledge about plants with therapeutic potential, associated with the devaluation of empirical information and the dispersion of these medicinal plants stored in the memory of the population who use them. In the present study an ethnobotanical evaluation was carried out on plants with medicinal potential used by infected patients. Participants were residents of two locations in the western Amazon, Porto Velho and Triunfo, between the urban and rural regions. A total of 62 individuals were interviewed as informants, 62.9% of whom reported using natural therapy with medicinal potential. Twelve plants belonging to 10 families were reported: Asteraceae (2 ethnospecies), Rubiaceae (2 ethnospecies), and Arecaceae, Lamiacea, Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Cucurbiaceae, Caprifoliaceae and Euphorbiaceae with 1 ethnospecies each; the most cited species were Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Boldo) and Bidens pilosa L. (Picão); the leaves were the most commonly used parts. The obtained data was confronted with the scientific literature reported in the following platforms: SciELO, PubMed, ScienceDirect and LILACS. We found 131 species distributed among 61 different plant families. The species cited were Lantana camara L., Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn; among the families, Asteraceae and Limiaceae were best represented. Viability in the use of plants is an economically feasible and attractive process in health care for disadvantaged populations; however, it requires careful studies on their properties and activity in the performance of their potential active components as targets for use in chemotherapy against Plasmodium spp.

AVALIAÇÃO ETNOBOTÂNICA DE PLANTAS UTILIZADAS COMO POTENCIAIS ANTIMALÁRICOS NA REGIÃO DA AMAZÔNIA OCIDENTAL BRASILEIRA