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Airborne network plays a key role in the integration of modern airplanes. Avionics full duplex switched Ethernet (AFDX) [4] was developed by Airbus aiming to provide 100Mbps bandwidth with deterministic quality of service, and has been successfully applied in several advanced aircrafts, such as A380, Boeing 787, etc. For avionics applications, the real-time requirement is essential, so the delay reliability needs to be estimated to ensure that the network configuration satisfies the customer requirement. Customers define maximum allowed frame delay (i.e., delay upper bound) on AFDX. If a frame delay exceeds the upper bound, the frame transmission is considered as a transmission failure. If not, it is regarded as a successful transmission. The occurrence probability of successful transmission is the delay reliability, which is also named as transmission time reliability [22], delay-oriented reliability [34], and reliability with delay [18]. Network delay reliability was first introduced by Asakura and Kashiwadani [5] for road networks where it is named as transportation time reliability, and was then expanded by Li et al. [22] to computer networks. Similar studies are referred to [1, 14, 25, 28, 33], which investigate factors that affect delay reliability, and provide the corresponding estimation methods. However, traffic randomness, which has large effects on delay reliability as Meyer [26] and Ball [6] stated, was neglected in the above research, and traffic with high burst usually causes network performance degradation. Stochastic network calculus (SNC) was proposed to provide an elegant framework that can be used to evaluate the delay reliability with traffic randomness [15, 16, 24]. Traffic envelope and service envelope are used to bound traffic arrivals and the services offered at network nodes, respectively, and the delay reliability can be estimated based on the mathematical foundation of min-plus algebra. When Ridouard et al. [29] first proposed SNC to evaluate the delay reliability which uses the maximum allowable delay as the delay upper bound in AFDX in 2008, only pessimistic linear traffic envelopes were used to bound AFDX traffic. Moreover, Yao [38] and Liu [23] summarized the current AFDX traffic models used to derive deterministic traffic envelopes, and found that the linear expression is the only form. In [17], Jiang summarized that there were two ways to estimate the delay reliability via SNC: (i) randomize the input of SNC, i.e., traffic and service envelope functions; (ii) randomize the Zhitao Wu Ning HuANg Ruiying Li Yue ZHANg

A delay reliability estimation method for Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet based on stochastic network calculus