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The long-term data on structural characteristics of phytoplankton (1954–2014) and zooplankton (2004–2013), as well as chlorophyll content in the water and bottom sediments (2009–2014) in the Rybinsk Reservoir (Upper Volga, Russia) were analyzed. It was shown that the modern climate changes lead to transformation in the state and dynamics of biological communities that is characteristic of the trophicity increase. After the abnormally hot summer of 2010 a sharp rise in chlorophyll content in water with a predominance of values typical for eutrophic and highly eutrophic conditions was detected. Distribution of plant pigments in the bottom sediments was similar in different years, which shows the specific character of the sediment complex structure in the reservoir. In the seasonal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll concentration the summer maximum caused by development of cyanobacteria began to dominate above the spring one. In the structure of phytoplankton the proportions of cyanobacteria and myxotrophic phytophagellates increased, the invasion of brackish-water diatoms was marked, and diminution of the cell size was noted. In seasonal dynamics of zooplankton biomass the second late peak was formed in August and it was particularly pronounced in the abnormally hot summer of 2010. In addition, there was a 1–2 week shift in timing of the beginning and ending in seasonal cycle of a number of zooplankton species relative to the 1960–1970s. Appearance of a summer dissolved oxygen deficiency (up to 1–4 mg O2/L in the layer of 1–7 m above the bottom) resulted in a local change in the vertical distribution of crustacean filtrators and decrease in their abundance up to three times.

The State and Dynamics of Biological Communities in the Rybinsk Reservoir under Climate Changes