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Emerging environmental pollutants are becoming a global concern, since the acceptable concentrations are currently not set by legislation in EU or elsewhere. Benzotriazoles are an important group of emerging pollutants found in low μg/L concentrations, entering the environment through wastewater treatment facilities due to their insufficient removal, and through industrial and other use. Two new dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) methods were developed for the extraction of hydrophilic and hydrophobic benzotriazoles from environmental waters. Liquid chromatographic method coupled to tandem mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for surface water. Validation parameters were satisfactory and the overall DLLME-LC-MS/MS method was found to be applicable to analysis of the chosen analytes in environmental waters. It was used to determine benzotriazoles in surface water and wastewater from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. In surface waters, concentration was below the limit of detection, while concentrations determined in wastewater were estimated between 2.7 and 12.0 μg/L.

Development of a Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Followed by LC-MS/MS for Determination of Benzotriazoles in Environmental Waters