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Objective: Analysis of abstinence rates of smokers per gender at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in a Smoking Cessation Unit from January 2008 to December 2009. Methods: Descriptive retrospective study. Analysis of socio-demographic variables, smoking patterns, associated comorbidities, continuous abstinence rates, success, relapses, failure and dropping out. Results: 278 smokers started treatment (33%); 55.4% males and 44.6% females (mean age of 48.3 and 44.06 years, respectively). The main associated comorbidities were: psychiatric (38.7%), cardiovascular (dyslipemia 25%) and respiratory (COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 9.7%) in females; cardiovascular (dyslipemia 34.4%), psychiatric (34.4%) and respiratory (COPD 19.5%) in males. VRN (Varenicline) was prescribed in 40.2% males and 32.2% females; NRT (nicotine replacement therapy) was used in 46.6% and 38.7%, respectively; bupropion was employed in 6.5% and 21.8%, respectively. Psychological counseling was offered only to 7.8% males and 8.1% females. The continuous abstinence rates in males at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were 51.3%, 37.7%, 32.5% and 30.5%, respectively, and were 45.2%, 29.8%, 25.0% and 24.2% for females. Failure was 9.7% for females and 18.8% for males. Success was more frequent for those on VRN (n = 41 males; n = 12 females). No relapses were indicated for 42 females and 71 males. The percentage of relapses was higher at 3 months (29.0% females, 19.5% males). Conclusions: The study observed differences in treating abstinence between genders (in the abstinence rates and failure index). This implies having to consider incorporating the gender variable into the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of smoking.

A Comparative Study for Successful Treatment per Gender in a Specialized Smoking Cessation Unit in the Albacete University Hospital during Two Years