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The biological weapon is the means of mass destruction, sometimes difficult to control, which through the harmful effect of pathogens (viruses, bacteria, rickettsia, and microbial toxins) can cause large losses among troops, populations, and animals, as well as the destruction (contamination) of crops. Also called the nuclear bomb of the poor or the dirty bomb, it is an invisible weapon. It can be transported without being detected, even across borders, in sufficient quantities for a major attack. Micro-organisms can be released without noise and without causing immediate effects. The disease cannot be determined until the symptoms of the infection and the biological agent are identified. If the biological agent can be easily spread from one person to another, the number of victims can easily reach tens of thousands of cases. Since September 11, 2001, the danger of large-scale terrorist attacks against the population of any part of the world no longer seems to be an unimaginable scenario. Biological terrorism is no longer in the field of science fiction. There are opinions that the possibilities of a terrorist attack with biological weapons are very low, but there may be disastrous consequences if no immediate action is taken. Biological attacks represent the evolution of the etiological agents of infectious diseases (natural or genetically engineered) spread to the environment with two purposes: to produce a catastrophic effect on the civilian population (a large number of serious illnesses and deaths) which sometimes outweighs the responsiveness of medical units and to induce the fear and terror within the population, what is known as “bioterrorism”.

Biological Warfare―The Real Pandora's Box: Learning From the Past