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In vitro callus induction and plant regeneration potentiality were studied from mature embryo of three Indian rice (Oryza sativa L.) groups at Field Crops Department, Agricultural Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey. The study was done by using callus induction MS medium having different concentration of four. The present research was conducted according to the design of randomized blocks trial. A total of 696 calluses, 193 plants and 917 seeds were obtained from Indica group; 2,110 calluses, 103 plants and 235 seeds were obtained from Japonica group; 1,243 calluses and 13 plants were obtained from Javanica group. With regard to number of calluses obtained from each explant source, 52 calluses were obtained from whole-plant explants, 1,668 calluses from root explants, 629 calluses from shoot explants, 649 calluses from the 1st node explants, 240 calluses from the 2nd node explants, 269 calluses from the 1st internode explants and 12 calluses from the 2nd internode explants. With regard to number of plants obtained from each explant source, 27 plants were obtained from whole-plant explants, 195 plants from shoot explants, 43 plants from the 1st node explants, 40 plants from the 2nd node explants and four plants from the 1st internode explants. With regard to number of seeds, 823 seeds were obtained from shoot explants and 329 seeds were obtained from the 2nd node explants. Germination rate of harvested seeds was over 90%. The establishment of this regeneration system is essential for the development of a genetic transformation system for commercial rice cultivars.

Effects of Cultivar and Explant Sources on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)