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Invasive alien species (IAS) are considered as an overlooked forest resources in Nepal, despite its rapid expansion is considered as one of the main drivers of Nepal’s forest degradation and deforestation. In this study, stratified systematic sampling, with nested circular plots of 500 m, was performed in Sindhupalchowk to find out whether the removal of IAS contributes for an increase in plant diversity. Interaction with more than 310 entrepreneurs was carried to investigate the economic benefits in terms of income and employment of converting IAS into charcoal through pyrolysis in “bio-energy kilns”. The study showed a higher Shannon-Weiner plant diversity index at regeneration level in IAS removed area (2.43) than that in control (1.95). Similarly, the number of seedlings and saplings was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the treatment block than the number of trees in the control one. Also, the pyrolysis of 7,500 million tons (MT) of IAS in bio-energy kilns produced 1,500 MT of charcoal powder which generated a total additional income of Nepali Rupees (NRs.) 18,900,000 to 1,050 poor and disadvantaged people in 16 districts of Terai and Midhills. In spite of that, some policy hurdles, such as charcoal transportation, were observed at the operational level. It is suggested that the plant diversity could be increased through the removal of IAS, and considerable economic benefits could be achieved if charcoal is substantially produced and utilized.

Charcoal Production as a Means of Forest Management, Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihood Support in Nepal